This chapter addresses the two-fold challenge for multinational Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to develop/adapt business models to the disruptive technological developments associated with shared fleets of autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs). The promises of SAEVs are to increase road safety, to decrease traffic congestion, to optimise energy consumption, and to convert parking areas into living spaces (e.g., houses, parks). The prediction for autonomous vehicles in the USA in 2045 varies between 24.8% and 87.2% (Bansel and Kockelman 2017). Diffusion of autonomous vehicles is not only dependent on the technological capabilities and the regulations but also on the business models designed to create and capture value. These business models are co-evolving with technologies, user preferences, infrastructures, and regulations into a new socio-technical system of mobility. The emerging socio-technical systems will vary by country or even by city. In order to cope with the differences, some OEMs are creating multinational fields of experimentation to identify suitable business models for a particular setting.
